Sri Anjaneya appears on a pillar in worshipping form with His tail above His head.  Lord Kannimoola Ganapathi, Lord Muruga with Valli and Deivanai, Gajalakshmi, Saneeswara (Saturn),Navagrahas the nine planets and Bhairava grace in the prakara.  On the Shiva prakara, are Vallaba Ganapathi, Lord Dakshinamurthy, Lingodhbava and Lord Brahmma.

Those afflicted by Naga dosha-snake aspects, those seeking name and fame in education and arts pray to Sage Patanjali.  They pray to Chandikeswara for royal status and Vinayaka for prosperity.  Those who had missed Tarpan to their ancestors and facing their curses pray to Lord Shiva, Sun and Moon for remedy.  Those seeking good match for their daughters pray to graceful eight-handed Mother Durga offering saris in yellow.

The temple is devoutly noted for its importance for relief from Naga dosha-adverse aspect of snake planets.

During Ramavatara, Patanjali accompanied Sri Rama as Lakshmana.  As he was born in Pushya-Poosam star, special pujas are performed to Patanjali on the star days.  He accompanies Lord in procession on Margazhi Tiruvadirai Festival day.  As he is the author of Yoga Sutras, those studying and practicing this art, worship him in the temple for gaining proficiency in the art.  Some of the pillars in the temple carry sculptures of this art.  Those afflicted with Naga doshas and seeking excellence in Yoga art worship the Rishi.

Raja Chandikeswarar:  The temple is situated just behind Chidambaram Nataraja temple.  Patanjali theertham is just at the entrance.  Left of this holy spring is the shrine of Lord Raja Chandikeswara.  People pray to Lord Chandikeswara for royal status and the Vinayaka nearby for prosperity.  Sun and Moon are next to each other in the corridor-prakara, hence this temple is specially significant for those facing the wrath of the ancestors due to their failure in performing tarpans to them at regular intervals as prescribed in the texts.  They pray to Lord Shiva, Sun and Moon for reliefs.  The temple is respected as a Nitya Amavasya – daily new moon – shrine.

Uchikala (Midday) puja:  Barring Tiruvarur, it is believed that all Shiva powers in the Shiva temples the world over confluence in Chidambaram.  All the sages are worshipping the darshan of the Lord invisibly at this time.  They worship Lord Anantheeswara during the Uchikala puja and Lord Nataraja during the Arthajama Puja in the Nataraja temple performed at 10.00 p.m.  Devotees are advised to follow this worship at both temples accordingly for best luck.  Patanjali is by the side of the Lord who accompanies the Lord in procession during the Aani Tirumanjanam and Margazhi Tiruvadhirai festival days.

Adisesha, the divine snake bearing Lord Vishnu in the Milk Ocean-Tiruparkadal, once felt that His weight was more than normal.  Lord Vishnu explained to Adisesha that He was enjoying the cosmic dance of Lord Shiva and the happiness added to His weight.  Adisesha wished to enjoy this dance darshan.  He was advised by Vishnu to go to Earth and worship Lord Shiva with Muni Vyakrapada at Chidambaram.  Adisesha was born to Sage Athri and Anusuya couple and was named Patanjali.  He came to this place called Thillaivanam in days of yore, created a spring, installed a Shivalinga.  The Linga was named Anantheeswara after the name of Adisesha.  Patanjali also is called Ananthan.  He gained his wish of Nataraja dance darshan.